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Orthopaedists On A Humanitarian Mission: Sustained Help For Developing Countries
"Flying into a developing country, operating on people for a few days or weeks and flying out again helps individual persons but has nothing to do with sustainable development work." Professor Martin Salzer, Vice-president of "Austrian Doctors for Disabled" -- the Austrian society for medical development assistance -- is convinced that "it makes even less sense to fly in people from such countries for difficult operations, as humanitarian the motive may be. That money can be invested more effectively." For the group of physicians and medically interested persons around Prof. Salzer it is a question of sustainability in the field of development cooperation, something to which they can contribute their medical experience. "After care for the disability or sickness, our concern is networked interdisciplinary and sustainable rehabilitation. We also hope to thereby make a contribution toward combating poverty" Prof. Salzer says in summing up the main concern of the organization.
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Colorectal Cancer - MDC Researchers Identify Genetic Markers For Metastasis Formation
Previously, only a few genes had been associated with the formation of metastases in colorectal cancer. Now, researchers of the Max Delbr̿ck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Berlin-Buch and Charit̩ - University Medicine Berlin, Germany, have identified 115 genes that are disregulated both in the primary tumor and in its metastases. In the future, their findings may help identify patients with aggressive tumors at an earlier stage (Gastroenterology 2009, doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.03.041).*
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Brain Activity Stablilized By Dynamic Molecular Mechanism

In the brain, many types of synaptic proteins are spatio-temporally regulated to maintain synaptic activity at a constant level. Here, the Japanese research group led by Professor Masaki Fukata, Drs. Yuko Fukata and Jun Noritake in National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Japan, found that two types of palmitoylating enzymes finely-tune the location and function of a major synaptic protein, PSD-95, in different ways. They also found that this mechanism contributes to keeping synaptic activity stable when synaptic activity dynamically changes. The Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) supported this study. They report the finding in Journal of Cell Biology published on July 13, 2009. The research group focused on two types of palmitoylating enzymes, DHHC2 and DHHC3. Protein palmitoylation, the most common lipid modification with the 16-carbon fatty acid palmitate, provides an important mechanism for regulating synaptic proteins in neurons. Here, the research group found that DHHC3 is located in the cell body of neurons to palmitoylate newly synthesized synaptic proteins such as PSD-95, and move out them into dendrites of neurons. In contrast, DHHC2 are located mainly in dendrites of neurons. Dendritically localized DHHC2 mediates dynamic palmitoylation of PSD-95 at synapses upon extracellular signals. When synaptic activity decreases, DHHC2 translocates to the synaptic site to facilitate palmitoylation of synaptic proteins to keep synaptic activity at a constant level. "We have already found 23 types of palmitoylating enzymes. Our finding suggests that individual palmitoylating enzymes have distinct functions in neurons. Some of palmitoylating enzymes are known to be differently related to neurological disorders such as mental retardation, schizophrenia and Huntington"s disease. Therefore, this palmitoylating enzyme family may represent exciting therapeutic targets", said Professor Fukata. Masaki Fukata National Institute for Physiological Sciences


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