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New Insights Into Health And Environmental Effects Of Carbon Nanoparticles
A new study raises the possibility that flies and other insects that encounter nanomaterial "hot spots," or spills, near manufacturing facilities in the future could pick up and transport nanoparticles on their bodies, transferring the particles to other flies or habitats in the environment. The study on carbon nanoparticles - barely 1/5,000th the width of a human hair - is scheduled for the Aug. 15 issue of ACS" Environmental Science & Technology, a semi-monthly journal.
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Orthopaedists On A Humanitarian Mission: Sustained Help For Developing Countries
"Flying into a developing country, operating on people for a few days or weeks and flying out again helps individual persons but has nothing to do with sustainable development work." Professor Martin Salzer, Vice-president of "Austrian Doctors for Disabled" -- the Austrian society for medical development assistance -- is convinced that "it makes even less sense to fly in people from such countries for difficult operations, as humanitarian the motive may be. That money can be invested more effectively." For the group of physicians and medically interested persons around Prof. Salzer it is a question of sustainability in the field of development cooperation, something to which they can contribute their medical experience. "After care for the disability or sickness, our concern is networked interdisciplinary and sustainable rehabilitation. We also hope to thereby make a contribution toward combating poverty" Prof. Salzer says in summing up the main concern of the organization.
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Fresh Vision Makes Mental Health The Priority For All Public Services
Police, teachers and other public sector workers should be trained in spotting signs of mental ill-health as a new report from a coalition of mental health groups sets out its vision for mental health services that spans across public services.
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Study Examines Mechanism For Gene Alterations In Brain Tumors

In a related article appearing in the July 15 issue of JAMA, researchers have identified the mechanism linked to the alteration of certain genes cited by Bredel et al in the previous study. Glioblastomas-uniformly fatal brain tumors-often have both monosomy (absence of 1 chromosome) of chromosome 10 and gains of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene locus on chromosome 7. This association suggests a fundamental biological role in glioblastoma pathogenesis, yet its molecular basis is poorly understood, according to background information in the article. Markus Bredel, M.D., Ph.D., of the Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, and colleagues examined the mechanism of deregulation of the gene ANXA7 in glioblastomas and its association with patient outcome. The study included a multidimensional analysis of gene, coding sequence, messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript, protein data for ANXA7 (and EGFR), and clinical patient data profiles of 543 high-grade gliomas from U.S. medical centers and The Cancer Genome Atlas pilot project. The authors write: "We propose that ANXA7 haploinsufficiency [when a diploid cell (a cell having two sets of chromosomes) only has a single functional copy of a gene that does not produce enough of a gene product (typically a protein) to permit the cell to function normally, leading to an abnormal or diseased state] is a positive regulator of EGFR signaling and a driver for the conserved monosomy of chromosome 10 in glioblastomas. We provide evidence that ANXA7 loss of function facilitates unmitigated EGFR signaling, thereby contributing to an EGFR gain-of-function phenotype in high-grade gliomas, and that the complementary dysregulation of EGFR and ANXA7 synergistically promotes the tumorigenic potential of glioblastoma cells." The authors found that the status of the ANXA7 gene was immediately associated with the duration of survival of malignant gliomas in three patient populations. "The dismal prognosis in glioblastoma outcome, even with the most advanced clinical care, addresses the need for the translation of new biological insights into clinical end points that can ultimately influence patient management. Identification of genes in which expression is altered or pathways in which activity is modified in tumors is important to understanding basic tumor biology, developing clinical-pathological correlations, and identifying points of therapeutic intervention. As we demonstrate here for ANXA7 and its link to EGFR signaling and dysregulation in glioblastomas, these require integration of genomic analysis, cancer genetics and biology, and clinical validation." JAMA 2009;302[3]:276-289. Journal of the American Medical Association


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